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WEL COME TO ::::COMPUTER TIPS AND INFORMATION::
contact me at: black_belt33@yahoo.com
::::MAIN(1)::::::
1)Cracking Windows XP Login Password:
2)Disable XP Boot Logo:
3)Turn Off Indexing to Speed Up XP:
4)Clean Your Prefetch to Improve Performance:
5)Performance Increase Through My Computer:
6)Reduce 10 Second Scandisk Wait Time:
7)DMA Mode on IDE Devices:
8)Load Internet Explorer the Fastest Way Possible:
9)Easy Way to Adjust LargeSystemCache:
10)Shutdown XP Faster:
11)Easily Disable Messenger:
12)Turn Off Autoplay for Program CDs:
13)Synchronize Your Computer Clock with an Internet Time Server:
14)Win XP Won’t Completely Shutdown:
15)Adjust Various Visual Effects:
16)Disable Error Reporting:
17)Increase Your Cable Modem or DSL Speed in XP:
18)Stop Jerkey Graphics:
19)Speeding Up Your Old Shit Pentium by 50%:
20) Turn Off System Restore to Save Space:
::::::MAIN(2)::::
1)How can I increase my Internet connection speed in Windows XP?
This tip is designed for increased BROADBAND speed in Windows XP, but it should work for 56k modems too.
::::::(3):::Send and receive e-mail::
::MAIN(4)::Trace the route
A great utility included with Windows is a program called Trace Route. Open a DOS window and type tracert <location name>. The location name can be any IP address or Internet domain like tracert . The program will then trace the route from your Internet service provider to that locating, and show you every server along the way. This could be useful for when you can't connect to a site it will show you if some server is down along the way.
MAIN::(5)::::NTFS and FAT File Systems Explained..
MAIN::(6)::==================================================================
Norton Ghost 2003 Update 2 README.TXT
Copyright (c) 2002 - 2003 Symantec Corporation May 30 2003
All Rights Reserved
==================================================================
SEE NUMBER :6: FOR ALL TYPES OF GHOST INFORMATION:::
(1):::Cracking Windows XP Login Password:::
Cracking Windows XP Login Password:
Download the nice and easy Nt/2k/xp password cracker from other way is if u get acess to the computer then go to Start>Run and type “control userpasswords2” without Quotes and a new pop up windows will open and u will reach to user account properties. Here u can Reset the Administrator and any Users password so anytime when u Want to use the Computer start it in safemode pressing F8 at Booting get into the xp as u have Administrator password and go to Controlpanel>Useraccounts and create a New Account .Start Computer Normally and get into WinXP with ur newely made account and do ur job. (Don’t forget to Delete ur newely made account Otherwise u will be in trouble) Delete ur account again starting the computer in Safemode as Administrator and Delete ur Account.
2)Disable XP Boot Logo:
It is possible to disable the XP splash screen, which will slightly speed up the overall boot process. Be aware that removing the splash screen will also cause you not to see any boot-up messages that might come up (chkdsk, convert ... ), but if your system runs without any problems then it should not matter.
Edit boot.ini. Add " /noguiboot" right after "/fastdetect". Upon restarting, the splash screen will be gone. It can be re-enabled by removing the new switch.
3)Turn Off Indexing to Speed Up XP:
Windows XP keeps a record of all files on the hard disk so when you do a search on the hard drive it is faster. There is a downside to this and because the computer has to index all files, it will slow down normal file commands like open, close, etc. If you do not do a whole lot of searches on your hard drive then you may want to turn this feature off:
Open My Computer.
Right-click your hard drive icon and select Properties.
At the bottom of the window you'll see "Allow indexing service to index this disk for faster searches," uncheck this and click ok.
A new window will pop up and select Apply to all folders and subfolders.
It will take a minute or two for the changes to take affect but then you should enjoy slightly faster performance.
4)Clean Your Prefetch to Improve Performance:
This is a unique technique for WinXP. We know that it is necessary to scrub registry and TEMP files for Win9X/ME/2000 periodically. Prefetch is a new and very useful technique in Windows XP. However, after using XP some time, the prefetch directory can get full of junk and obsolete links in the Prefetch catalog, which can slow down your computer noticeably.
Open C(system drive):/windows/prefetch, delete those junk and obsolete files, reboot. It is recommended that you do this every month.
5)Performance Increase Through My Computer:
Easy enough tweak to usually find out about it on your own, but still, some of us still don't find it right away. So here it is:
Start > right-click on My Computer and select Properties.
Click on the "Advanced" tab.
See the "Performance" section? Click "Settings".
Disable the following:
Fade or slide menus into view
Fade or slide ToolTips into view
Fade out menu items after clicking
Show Shadows under menus
Slide open combo boxes
Slide taskbar buttons
Use a background image for each folder type
Use common tasks in folders
There, now Windows will still look nice and perform faster.
6)Reduce 10 Second Scandisk Wait Time:
Start MS Dos Prompt (Start run CMD), and type: CHKNTFS /T:4
where 4 is the amount of wait time.
CHKNTFS /?
for more info.
7)DMA Mode on IDE Devices:
Just like Windows 2000, Windows XP still fails to set the DMA mode correctly for the IDE device designated as the slaves on the primary IDE and secondary IDE channels. Most CD-ROMS are capable of supporting DMA mode, but the default in XP is still PIO. Setting it to DMA won't make your CD-ROM faster, but it will consume less CPU cycles. Here's how:
Open the Device Manager. One way to do that is to right-click on "My Computer", select the Hardware tab, and select Device Manager.
Expand "IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers" and double-click on "Primary IDE Channel".
Under the "Advanced Settings" tab, check the "Device 1" setting. More than likely, your current transfer mode is set to PIO.
Set it to "DMA if available".
Repeat the step for the "Secondary IDE Channel" if you have devices attached to it. Reboot.
8)Load Internet Explorer the Fastest Way Possible:
Edit your link to start Internet Explorer to have -nohome after it. For Example: "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE" -nohome
This will load internet explorer very fast because it does not load a web page while it is loading. If you want to go to your homepage after it is loaded, just click on the home button.
9)Easy Way to Adjust LargeSystemCache:
Normally, the tweak I've seen asks you to go into HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management and change the value to either O or 1 to the adjustment the LargeSystemCache.
However, in Windows XP, all you have to do is:
Right-click My Computer.
Select Properties.
Click Advanced.
Choose Performance.
Click Advanced again.
Select either Programs or System Cache under Memory Usage.
Programs = 0 for the registry tweak equivalent
System Cache = 1 for the registry tweak equivalent
10)Shutdown XP Faster:
Like previous versions of windows, it takes long time to restart or shutdown windows XP when the "Exit Windows" sound is enabled. To solve this problem you must disable this useless sound.
Click Start button.
Go to settings > Control Panel > Sound, Speech and Audio devices > Sounds and Audio Devices > Sounds.
Then under program events and windows menu click on "Exit Windows" sub-menu and highlight it. Now from sounds you can select, choose "none" and then click Apply and OK.
Now you should see some improvements when shutting down your system.
11)Easily Disable Messenger:
Go into: C:/Program Files/Messenger. Rename the Messenger folder to "MessengerOFF".
This does not slow down Outlook Express or hinder system performance.
12)Turn Off Autoplay for Program CDs:
How can you stop Windows XP from launching program CDs?
Click Start, click Run, type GPEDIT.MSC to open Group Policy in the Microsoft Management Console.
Double-click Computer Configuration, double-click Administrative templates, double-click System, and then click Turn off autoplay.
The instructions on your screen describe how to configure this setting. Click Properties to display the setting dialog.
Click Enabled, and choose CD-ROM drives, then click OK, to stop CD autoplay.
This setting does not prevent Autoplay for music CDs.
13)Synchronize Your Computer Clock with an Internet Time Server:
Does your computer have the right time? If your computer is not part of a domain, you can synchronize your computer clock with an Internet time server. To do so:
Double–click the time on your task bar.
Click the Internet Time tab.
Select the time server you want to use and make sure to select the Automatically synchronize with an Internet time
server check box.
14)Win XP Won’t Completely Shutdown:
Go to Control Panel, then go to Power Options.
Click on the APM tab, then check the "Enable Advanced Power Management support."
Shut down your PC.
It should now successfully complete the Shut Down process.
15)Adjust Various Visual Effects:
Open up the Control Panel.
Go under System and click on the Advanced tab.
Click settings under Performance options.
You can now change various graphical effects (mainly animations and shadows).
16)Disable Error Reporting:
Open Control Panel.
Click on Performance and Maintenance.
Click on System.
Then click on the Advanced tab.
Click on the error-reporting button on the bottom of the windows.
Select Disable error reporting.
Click OK. Click OK.
17)Increase Your Cable Modem or DSL Speed in XP:
This tweak is for broad band cable connections on stand alone machines with WinXP professional version - might work on Home version also. It may also work with networked machines as well.
This tweak assumes that you have let WinXP create a connection on install for your cable modem/NIC combination and that your connection has tcp/ip - QoS - file and print sharing - and client for Microsoft networks , only, installed. It also assumes that WinXP will detect your NIC and has in-box drivers for it. If it doesn't do not try this.
In the "My Network Places" properties (right-click on the desktop icon and choose properties), highlight the connection
then at the menu bar choose "Advanced" then "Advanced Settings". Uncheck the two boxes in the lower half for the
bindings for File and Printer sharing and Client for MS networks. Click OK.
18)Stop Jerkey Graphics:
If you are connected to a LAN and have problems with jerkey graphics, this might be the solution:
Right-click "MyComputer".
Select "Manage".
Click on "Device Manager".
Double-click on your NIC under "Network Adapters".
In the new window, select the "Advanced" tab.
Select "Connection Type" and manually set the value of your NIC. (Not "Auto Sense" which is default.).
You should reboot.
19)Speeding Up Your Old Shit Pentium by 50%:
We all know that you really shouldn't try to run Windows XP on anything less that about a Pentium 3 of some sort if you are out for speedy operations and amazing reaction times, but for those of us with the good old Pentium 2's who want to see just how well we can run XP, we have to tweak as much as we can where-ever we can. A real killer to the system's performance is Windows Media Player. Although it may look desirable and fancy with it's rounded off edges and 3rd-Dimensional appearance, the truth is, it takes up a large amount of that precious processing power. All of these troubles however, lead to one thing in particular with this 'new-look' over-rated music and video player...the Visualizations. The look-great I'll admit but like a lot of software these days, it has no purpose. If you run the task manager, and click the Performance tab along the top, you'll see that when Windows Media Player is running and nothing else is active, it takes up around 50% of the processors power. Once these visualizations are turned off, it barely takes up 2-3% of the processors power, which leaves much more room for other applications to work efficiently.
Here's how to disable the feature:
Open Media Player.
Make sure the Now Playing tab on the left is selected.
Click the View menu along the top.
Go down to Now Playing Tools
20) Turn Off System Restore to Save Space:
By default, Windows XP keeps a backup of system files in the System Volume Information folder. This can eat up valuable space on your hard drive. If you don't want Windows to back up your system files:
Open the Control Panel.
Double-click on System.
Click the System Restore tab.
Check "Turn off System Restore on all drives".
Hit Apply.
You may now delete the System Volume Information folder.
ARIF AHMAD PRESENTION
CONTACT ME AT:black_belt33@yahoo.com
(2):::How can I increase my Internet connection speed in Windows XP?
This tip is designed for increased BROADBAND speed in Windows XP, but it should work for 56k modems too.
Note: You might also want to read the Increase Broadband Connection Speed in Windows XP/2003 tip for more info.
A Must for Mastering Windows Vista - Watch These Videos!
I just finished watching the Windows Vista Training videos by Train Signal and I highly recommend this course, as you will learn much more than you will from books (which never seem to have enough detail!). Their learn by doing approach is excellent because it shows you the "ins and outs" of Vista instead of reading pages and pages of theory.
Daniel Petri, Petri IT Knowledge Base
Click Here to Watch the Windows Vista Videos!
QoS Packet Scheduler is a method of network bandwidth management that can monitor the importance of data packets and depending upon the priority of the packet, give it higher or lower priority or bandwidth levels. It's not very useful unless you're using apps which are QoS-aware or running a server, so you can gain some network overhead back by turning it off.
Note: This following tip will not work on XP Home Edition.
Make sure you're logged on as actually "Administrator". Do not log on with any account that just has administrator privileges.
Start > Run > type gpedit.msc (not available in home version).
Expand the Local Computer Policy branch.
Expand the Administrative Templates branch.
Expand the Network branch.
Highlight the "QoS Packet Scheduler" in left window.
In right window double click the "limit reservable bandwidth" setting.
On setting tab check the ENABLED item.
Where it says "Bandwidth limit %" change it to read 0 (ZERO).
Close gpedit.msc.
Effect is immediate on some systems, some need to re-boot.
ARIF AHMAD PRESENTION
CONTACT ME AT:black_belt33@yahoo.com
(3):::Send and receive e-mail::
You can send and receive e-mail with your device the way that you do on your computer. This includes e-mails with attachments such as text files, photos, sound files, and short videos. Your device can run multiple e-mail accounts at the same time.
You can reach all of your e-mail accounts through Messaging. This list shows when there are messages in the inbox(es) by displaying the number of messages next to the name of each account.
You can also access Internet e-mail accounts that you have set up on your computer through an Internet service provider (ISP) such as Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail. Messages sent to those accounts can be scheduled for automatic delivery to your device. For more information, see Set up synchronization with an Internet service provider or a mobile operator.
You can configure your device to notify you with a sound when e-mails are received.
In addition, you can use ActiveSync or Windows Mobile Device Center (WMDC) to synchronize directly with a Microsoft Exchange Server account or with Microsoft Outlook on your computer. This will enable you to synchronize Outlook e-mail, calendar events, contacts, favorites, and tasks. To send and receive e-mail for an Outlook e-mail account, begin synchronization through ActiveSync or WMDC.
Note
ActiveSync on your device works with WMDC on Windows Vista, and with ActiveSync on Windows XP.
For how-to instructions that fit the type of phone you have (touch screen or non-touch screen) and the version of Windows Mobile on it (version 5 or 6), select the correct tab, below. Not sure? Here's how to find out.
6.0 Touch Screen 6.0 Non-Touch Screen 5.0 Touch Screen 5.0 Non-Touch Screen
Set up e-mail accounts
This section shows you how to set up different types of e-mail accounts.
Set up an Exchange Server account
Microsoft Exchange Server provides messaging and collaboration services that enable you to send and receive e-mail through a computer network. If your organization uses Exchange Server, you can synchronize your work e-mails, calendar updates, voice mail, and contact information between your device and the server while at work or traveling.
If Microsoft Outlook is installed on your computer, you can synchronize e-mail with either Outlook or Exchange Server.
To set up the account, you must obtain the name of the Exchange Server and the server domain name from your service provider or system administrator. You must also know your Exchange user name and password.
Notes
ActiveSync on your device works with ActiveSync on Windows XP, and with Windows Mobile Device Center on Windows Vista.
You can install only one Microsoft Outlook account on your device. If Microsoft Outlook is already installed on your device, you will be unable to perform the following procedure.
Tap Start > Messaging > New E-mail Account.
Enter your e-mail address, and then tap Next.
Under Your e-mail provider, tap Exchange server, and then tap Next.
Tap Next.
Enter the server address, and then tap Next.
Enter your user name and network password, and the name of the domain to which your computer is connected.
Select Save password to synchronize your device with your computer automatically, and then tap Next.
Select E-mail and any other data that you want to synchronize with Exchange Server, and then tap Finish.
Set up e-mail synchronization with an Internet service provider or a mobile operator
An Internet e-mail account is an account you access on the Internet through an Internet service provider (ISP) such as Microsoft Live Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail. If you already have an e-mail account with an ISP or a mobile operator, set up e-mail synchronization between your device and that account by using this procedure.
Tap Start > Messaging > New E-mail Account.
Enter your e-mail address.
To get e-mail server settings automatically, select Try to get e-mail settings automatically from the Internet.
Tap Next.
After Auto Setup has finished, tap Next.
Enter your name, and then tap Next.
Enter your user name and password for the Internet e-mail account.
Select Save password, and then tap Next.
In the Automatic Send/Receive field, select how often you want the device to synchronize with your Internet e-mail account.
Tap Finish.
Customize Internet e-mail account settings
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to the Internet e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Options.
On the Accounts, Message, Address, and Storage tabs, change account settings as appropriate.
Tap OK.
Compose and send e-mail
If you have an e-mail account, you can compose and send e-mails. This section shows you how.
Compose and send an e-mail
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > New.
In the To field, enter the recipient's e-mail address, or to insert an e-mail address from your contacts, tap Menu > Add Recipient, and then select a name.
In the Subject field, enter a brief description of the message content.
Scroll to or tap the message area and enter your message.
Tap Send.
Tip
To cancel a message before you send it, tap Menu > Cancel Message, and then tap No.
Change options when you send an e-mail
In the Message Options menu, you can change the message priority and language. For Outlook e-mail using an Exchange Server, you can also set permissions and change security options for encrypting and signing e-mails.
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Do one of the following:
To create a new message, tap Menu > New.
To reply to an existing message, scroll to it, and then tap Menu > Reply > Reply.
Before you send the e-mail, tap Menu > Message Options.
Scroll to and select the options that you want to change.
Select the settings that you want for each option.
Tap OK.
Complete the e-mail and tap Send.
Send an e-mail from call history
You can send an e-mail to a phone number listed in your call history if you have an e-mail address associated with that phone number.
Tap Start > Phone > Call History.
Scroll to and then tap the contact to which you want to send an e-mail.
Tap Menu > Open Contact.
Scroll to and then tap Send e-mail.
Tap an e-mail account.
In the Subject field, enter a brief description of the message content.
Scroll to or tap the message area and enter your message.
Tap Send.
Send an e-mail to a contact
You can send an e-mail to a contact listed in Contacts if you have an e-mail address associated with that contact.
Tap Start > Contacts.
Scroll to and then tap the contact.
Scroll to and then tap Send e-mail.
Tap an e-mail account.
In the Subject field, enter a brief description of the message content.
Scroll to the message area and enter your message.
Tap Send.
Note
If the contact does not have an e-mail address, you will be unable to select it. Add the missing information for the contact and then send the e-mail.
Change e-mail sending options
You can save copies of sent messages on your device, and include the body of the original message when replying to messages.
Tap Start > Messaging.
Scroll to the e-mail account for which you want to change options.
Tap Menu > Options.
Tap the Message tab and change sending options, as appropriate.
Tap OK.
Add a picture to an e-mail
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > New.
Tap Menu > Insert > Picture.
Tap the picture you want to add.
Complete the e-mail and tap Send.
Add an attachment to an e-mail
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > New.
Tap Menu > Insert, and then tap a file type (Picture, Voice Note, or File).
Scroll to and tap the attachment that you want to add.
Complete the e-mail and tap Send.
Download a complete e-mail
The e-mail inbox on your device will display only the headers and part of the text of new e-mails. When you open an e-mail, it will display only part of the message unless the e-mail is very short. You must download the e-mail to retrieve the complete content.
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Select the message to download.
Tap Menu > Download Message.
The complete message will be retrieved the next time that you synchronize or connect to your e-mail server to send and receive e-mail.
Note
If your company uses Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, your device will automatically try to connect to the server without waiting until the next time that you synchronize.
Tip
You can set the device to always download whole messages by changing the download size limit in ActiveSync. If your device is connected to your computer by a USB cable, disconnect it. Tap Start > Programs > ActiveSync. Tap Menu > Options. Scroll to E-mail, and then tap Settings. Change the Download size limit as you want.
Reply to or forward an e-mail
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Scroll to a message, and then do one of the following:
To reply, tap Menu > Reply, and then tap Reply or Reply All.
To forward the message, tap Menu > Reply, and then tap Forward. Then enter a recipient in the To field.
Enter your message in the message area.
Tap Send.
Note
If you are replying to an e-mail in the Outlook E-mail account, you will send less data if you do not edit the original message. This may reduce wireless data transfer costs, depending on your service plan.
Download and view an e-mail attachment
In an open message that has an attachment to download, tap the attachment. The attachment will be downloaded the next time that you synchronize or connect to your e-mail server to send and receive e-mail.
Notes
If there are multiple attachments in the message, all attachments are downloaded.
If your company uses Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, the attachment downloads immediately, without waiting until the next time that you synchronize.
Only supported file types can be opened on your device.
Create or change an e-mail signature
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Options.
Tap Signatures.
In the Select an account field, select the name of the e-mail account, if it is not already selected.
Select the Use signature with this account check box.
Select the Use when replying and forwarding check box, if you want.
Enter your signature and then tap OK. The signature will appear the next time that you send an e-mail.
Send and receive Internet e-mail
An Internet e-mail account is accessed through an Internet service provider (ISP), such as Microsoft Live Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail.
When you set up an Internet e-mail account, you can have it download e-mail automatically at certain intervals, or download e-mail only when you request it.
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Send/Receive.
Manage accounts
This section shows you how to manage multiple e-mail accounts.
Move quickly between messaging accounts
If you are working in one messaging account and have to switch to another, you can do so quickly through a menu option.
From your open messaging or e-mail account, tap Menu > Go To, and then tap the account you want to open.
Delete an e-mail account
Tap Start > Messaging.
Scroll to the e-mail account you want to delete, and then tap Menu > Delete.
Tap Yes to confirm.
Note
You can only delete personal e-mail accounts that you have added, such as a Microsoft Live Hotmail or Yahoo! Mail e-mail account. You cannot delete an Outlook e-mail account or other e-mail accounts that are managed by your company.
Manage e-mail folders
If you receive or send lots of e-mails, the advice in this section can help you manage your e-mail account(s).
Delete an e-mail
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Scroll to the e-mail that you want to delete, and then tap Delete.
Tap Yes to confirm.
Note
Messages deleted from an Outlook E-mail account will be deleted from Outlook on your computer or Exchange Server the next time that you synchronize.
Move an e-mail to a different folder
You can move messages from the inbox or sent items folder to a default folder, or to a folder that you have created for a specific purpose.
To move an e-mail from the inbox to a different folder:
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Scroll to the e-mail that you want to move.
Tap Menu > Move.
Tap the folder to which you want to move the message, and then tap Select.
To move an e-mail from another folder:
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Go To > Folders, and then tap the folder that contains the message that you want to move.
Scroll to the e-mail that you want to move.
Tap Menu > Move.
Tap the folder to which you want to move the e-mail, and then tap Select.
View e-mails in a different order
You can change the display order of e-mails in the inbox and other folders on your device, similar to the way that you would in Outlook on your computer.
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Tools > Sort By, and then tap one of the following:
Message Type, to arrange messages by kind, such as read and unread
From, to arrange messages alphabetically by senders’ names
Received, to arrange messages in chronological order
Subject, to arrange messages alphabetically by subject
Tip
To change the order of messages from ascending to descending or from descending to ascending, repeat step 3.
Mark an e-mail as read or unread
Tap Start> Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Scroll to the e-mail that you want to mark, tap Menu, and then tap Mark as Unread or Mark as Read.
Empty the Deleted Items folder
To free storage space, you can empty the Deleted Items folder in your e-mail account(s).
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Tools > Empty Deleted Items.
Tap Yes to confirm.
Manage drafts
You can save drafts of e-mails that you write, and send them later. This section shows you how.
Save an e-mail draft
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > New.
In the To field, enter the recipient's e-mail address, or to insert an e-mail address from your contacts, tap Menu > Add Recipient, and then select a name.
In the Subject field, enter a brief description of the message content.Scroll to the message area and enter your message.
Tap Menu > Save to Drafts.
Send an e-mail draft
An e-mail message that you have saved in draft form can be sent from your Drafts folder.
Tap Start > Messaging, and then scroll to and tap an e-mail account.
Tap Menu > Go To > Folders.
Scroll to and tap Drafts.
Tap the draft e-mail that you want to send, and then tap Send.
ARIF AHMAD PRESENTION
CONTACT ME AT:black_belt33@yahoo.com
(4)::Trace the route
A great utility included with Windows is a program called Trace Route. Open a DOS window and type tracert <location name>. The location name can be any IP address or Internet domain like tracert . The program will then trace the route from your Internet service provider to that locating, and show you every server along the way. This could be useful for when you can't connect to a site it will show you if some server is down along the way.
Select your Monitor
Windows might not always detect your Monitor accurately. This affects display and refresh rates. To select your monitor manually:
Right-click on the Desktop.
Choose Properties from the context menu. On the Settings tab press Advanced button. Select the Monitor tab. If your monitor is not listed (correctly) here, click on Change.
Select your Monitor form the list, or if you have a driver disk for your monitor, select have Disk.
Click Apply, and follow any other instructions on screen.
Redialing
Dial-Up Networking provides for automatic redial.
Open Dial-Up networking.
Select your connection.
From the menu select Connections > Settings.
Enable, Redial, select the number of times to redial and click OK.
A clean Run!
To remove unwanted items form the Run menu:
Start the Registry Editor.
Open HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU.
Delete the entries that you do not want on Run menu.
Close the Registry Editor and Restart Windows. Note: Do not delete the (Default) or MRUList values.
Bitmap as icons
You can preview bitmaps (.BMP files) as icons in Explorer instead of the default icon of the application it is associated with. Open the Registry Editor and navigate to HKEY_ CLASSES_ROOT\Paint.Picture\DefaultIcon. Double-click the Default string and change it's value to '%1' (without quotes). Close the Registry Editor and restart windows.
Window and menu Animations
One of the desktop enhancements built into windows is the animation displayed when you minimize and maximize windows or when displaying menus. Disabling this makes navigating Windows a lot faster. Open the Desktop Properties dialog by right-clicking any blank area of the desktop and clicking on Properties. Disable Animate windows, menus and lists form the Effects tab.
Smooth Screen Fonts
You may find that the fonts in your Internet Explorer and other windows seem jagged as you increase the font size. To make them smooth and thus, beautiful.
Right-click anywhere on the free space of the Desktop and click properties
Select the Effects tab from the Display Properties
In the Visual effects frame, enable Smooth edges of screen fonts
Change the Refresh rate of your Graphics Adapter
Refresh rate of your monitor determines how fast the screen if updated. Generally, the higher refresh rate monitor can support, the better. Optimum refresh rates can be set manually for a flicker-free display. If Windows hasn't already configured it. Right-click on the Desktop, click on Properties and open Settings > Advanced > Adapter. Depending on your graphics card and monitor, you will get different choice for the refresh rate. Click on Apply after setting the appropriate refresh rate. Click through the warning message to change the refresh rate. If, for some reason the display becomes garbled, don't do anything, Windows will restore the original refresh rate.
Speed-up your connecting time
To speed-up the time it takes for Dial Up Networking to establish a connection with your ISP:
Open Dial-Up Networking.
Right-click your connection and choose Properties.
On the server types tab, under Advanced Options, make sure that the check-box for Log on to network is unchecked.
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CONTACT ME AT:black_belt33@yahoo.com
Under Allowed network protocols select only TCP/IP and uncheck NetBEUI & IPX/SPX
(5)::::NTFS and FAT File Systems Explained
The characteristics and properties of the two common Windows file systems are discussed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are many possible ways to organize the information, programs, and data that we store on our computer hard drives. The system of collecting information together in “files” which in turn are grouped in “directories” or “folders” provides a method for naming and addressing information that is familiar to most PC users. But the mechanics of how the information is actually physically placed on the hard drive and retrieved is not something most of us ever think about. Nonetheless, with the advent of Windows XP and its file system, NTFS 3.1 (also known as NTFS 5.1, the numbering isn’t consistent), the time has come when this seemingly esoteric subject should not be ignored. PC users who are changing over to XP from Windows 9X/Me should be aware that NTFS (New Technology File System) has characteristics unfamiliar to most home PC users, whose systems employ a different file system called FAT (File Allocation Table). Those upgrading an older computer to Windows XP will face the decision of which file system to use. Those who buy a new computer with XP will almost certainly have NTFS already installed. In either event some knowledge of the workings of the file systems would seem desirable even for the average PC user. I don’t pretend to be an expert on file system architecture but in this article I will outline some of the characteristics of the two different file systems, FAT and NTFS, and their pros and cons.
Disk organization
Before discussing some of the issues it is necessary to outline briefly some basics about the way disks are organized. Before a physical medium such as a disk can store data it must be put into a state usable by the computer operating system. In order for the system to be able to systematically allocate information to disk space, disks are divided up into little boxes or sectors. Low-level formatting assigns 512 bytes to each sector. (A number other than 512 could be used but standard practice has settled on this particular size.) These sectors in turn are grouped into clusters (sometimes called “allocation units” by Microsoft) by the operating system. All clusters are given the same size during a high-level format and typically run from 2 to 16 sectors. Each file then occupies one or more of these clusters. (It is also possible to have a file system that directly assigns sectors to files, as is done by the file system HPFS in the IBM operating system OS/2.) The cluster size depends on the operating system and several variables, including the size of the hard disk or its partitions, and is a key factor in determining operating system efficiency and speed.
In addition to the area where files for data and programs are stored, there are several other distinct areas set aside on the disk for basic system operations. Without going into the gory details, which depend on the particular operating system, there is an area (or areas) for boot processes and an area (or areas) providing information on the physical location and the properties of the data and program files. After the BIOS is finished at bootup, the boot area(s) provide the means for continuing the computer startup process and for loading the operating system. Each operating system carries this out in its own different way. Each operating system also has its own particular way of storing information about the attributes and actual physical whereabouts of individual files. When the computer operation requires a specific file for some purpose, it is this file information that allows the system to find and load that file from disk into RAM for processing. Here FAT and NTFS have completely different approaches.
FAT File System
FAT gets its name from the use of a kind of database called a File Allocation Table that contains an entry for each cluster on the disk. The FAT system has been in use by Microsoft since before DOS 1 (the first version was devised by a teenager named Bill Gates) and has undergone several revisions. There are versions called FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32. The numbers refer to the number of bits used for the cluster entries in the table. More recent PC users may find it hard to believe but in 1987 the FAT system then in use (in DOS 3) was unable to read a hard drive (or more accurately, volume) bigger than 32 MB. (That’s right, 32 megabytes). By the time of DOS 6, the upper limit had been enlarged in several steps to 2 GB but the ever increasing size of hard disks made yet another revision necessary. With Windows 95B, FAT32 was introduced, increasing the upper limit to 2 terabytes (theoretically but not practically). These continual problems with disk size arose from several causes, including the fact that the number of entries in FAT is limited by the finite number of bits used for describing the location of a cluster. For example, FAT16 can hold no more than 2^16 or 65,526 cluster entries (actually somewhat less). Another factor is that the number of sectors per cluster is also limited.
A further problem with bigger disks is the large amount of wasted space or “slack”. Since there are a fixed number of clusters available, larger disks mean that the cluster size has to be increased in order to fill the available space. However, this results in more and more unutilized disk space since a typical file is rarely close to an even multiple of a cluster size. For example, a FAT32 system uses 16 KB clusters for partition sizes between 16 and 32 GB. A 20 KB file would require two 16 KB clusters actually occupying 32 KB of space. A mere 1 KB file still requires 16 KB of space. A typical large disk might have 30% or even 40% of its space wasted this way. Making smaller partitions alleviates slack but with 200 GB disks now common, and ever-bigger ones on the way, partitioning is no longer a practical solution.
Another problem is file fragmentation. Although a file may require several clusters, the clusters need not be in close physical proximity on the disk. When a file is loaded to the disk the operating system chooses unused clusters wherever it finds them. If many files consist of widely separated parts, the time required to retrieve them for program use inevitably slows the system (hence the need for defragging).
It has to be remembered that the FAT system was first devised when the computer environment was very different from what it is today. Indeed, the PC as we know it did not even exist. FAT was intended for systems with very little RAM and small disks. It required much less in the way of system resources than did the file systems in Unix and other big computer systems and did its job well when systems were small. NTFS and Windows XP are practical for consumer PCs today only because the available resources of RAM and hard drive size have reached levels far exceeding anything imagined when FAT was first put into use.
Actually, the FAT system has been enjoying something of a come-back. Thumb or flash drives have become very common and these are of a size that makes the FAT system useful. The smaller sizes are even formatted in FAT16.
NTFS
In the early 1990's Microsoft, recognizing that DOS based Windows was inadequate for the much heavier demands of business and industry, began work on different software designed for much larger systems than the home PC. At first this was a joint effort with IBM, using what became IBM OS/2 and employing a file system named HPFS (High Performance File System). As we all know, the cooperative attempt did not work out and the two companies soon went their own way. Microsoft developed the various Windows NT versions, which then morphed into Windows 2000 and now Windows XP. Each one of these operating systems has its own version of the file system NTFS, which has also undergone evolution.
Going into the details of NTFS architecture would be too overwhelming for this current article so I will limit myself to a few points. (Those who are keen on the subject can read the long discussion at this site.) NTFS is much more flexible than FAT. Its system areas are almost all files instead of the fixed structures used in FAT. Since files are used, the system areas can be modified, enlarged, or moved as is needed. An example of one of the several system files is the Master File Table (MFT). The MFT is a sort of relational database with a variety of information about all the files on the disk. If a file is small (1 KB or less) the MFT may even hold the file itself. For larger files NTFS uses clusters in assigning disk space but in a way different from FAT. The cluster size will not normally exceed 4 KB. A type of individual file compression is built in so that the problems with slack do not arise.
Because it is intended for multi-user environments, NTFS has much more security built in. For example, the XP Professional version (not the Home version) allows permissions and encrypting to be applied to individual files. While much more secure, XP is accordingly much harder to tinker with. That makes trouble-shooting and system tweaking more problematical. It also means that the user has to be very careful when setting up passwords and permissions on a system. Forgetting a password has much more serious consequences than it did in Windows 98.
The MFT and other system files occupy quite a bit of space so NTFS is not intended for small disks. Also the amount of memory required is substantial. These system overhead requirements, which formerly limited the use of Windows NT to larger computers, have largely disappeared as a factor with newer PCs and their much larger amounts of RAM and very large hard drives.
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[ The PC Guide | Systems and Components Reference Guide | Hard Disk Drives ]
Hard Disk Logical Structures and File Systems
The hard disk is, of course, a medium for storing information. Hard disks grow in size every year, and as they get larger, using them in an efficient way becomes more difficult. The file system is the general name given to the logical structures and software routines used to control access to the storage on a hard disk system. Operating systems use different ways of organizing and controlling access to data on the hard disk, and this choice is basically independent of the specific hardware being used--the same hard disk can be arranged in many different ways, and even multiple ways in different areas of the same disk. The information in this section in fact straddles the fine line between hardware and software, a line which gets more and more blurry every year.
The nature of the logical structures on the hard disk has an important influence on the performance, reliability, expandability and compatibility of your storage subsystem. This section takes a look at the logical structures on the hard disk and how they are set up and used for a typical PC installation. I begin with a discussion of different PC operating systems, and an overview of different file system types. I then go into significant detail describing the major structures and key operating details of the most common PC file system, FAT (FAT12/FAT16/VFAT/FAT32). I talk about utilities used for partitioning and formatting hard disks, and also talk a bit about disk compression (even though it is no longer nearly as important as it once was.) I place special emphasis on how to organize the disk for maximum performance--while not getting bogged down in the minutiae of optimization where it will buy you little.
Most of the focus in this section is on the FAT family of file systems, because these are by far the most commonly used, and also the ones with which I am most familiar. I do mention alternative file systems, but do not go into extensive detail on them, with one exception. Recognizing the growing role of Windows NT and Windows 2000 systems, a separate, comprehensive section has been added that describes the NTFS family of file systems. If you are mostly interested in reading about NTFS, you may want to skip some of the earlier subsections that describe FAT, and skip directly to the NTFS material. Bear in mind, however, that some of the NTFS discussions build upon the descriptions of FAT, since in some ways the file systems are related. So I recommend reading the section in order, if possible.
Note: If you are running a less-common operating system such as OS/2, Linux or BeOS, you likely know more about those operating systems than I do. :^) While I have done my best to research file system support for the alternative operating systems, my personal experience with them is limited. I decided it was better to mention these operating systems and cover their file system support to the best of my knowledge, rather than just leave them out. However, I probably missed something somewhere, so if you find any mistakes,
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(6)::==================================================================
Norton Ghost 2003 Update 2 README.TXT
Copyright (c) 2002 - 2003 Symantec Corporation May 30 2003
All Rights Reserved
==================================================================
Caution: Norton Ghost 2003 is a powerful utility program that
performs complex operations on your computer. Use this product
carefully as some operations are data destructive.
This Readme.txt file covers the following topics:
1. What's new in Norton Ghost 2003 Update 2
2. Overview
3. Known issues
4. Cloning Windows 2000 and XP
5. Additional switches
6. Installation CD layout and contents
7. Technical support contact details
8. DOS Installation
==================================================================
1. List of changes in Norton Ghost 2003 Update 2
==================================================================
This section lists the issues that have been addressed in Update 2
version of Norton Ghost 2003.
Starting from Norton Ghost CD 2003 and accessing external devices
-----------------------------------------------------------------
You can start Norton Ghost 2003 from the product CD and access
external devices.
Multiple USB2 controllers
-------------------------
If you have installed Norton Ghost 2003 on a computer with
multiple USB2 controllers, you can create or restore an image to
an external USB2 device from any of the USB2 controllers.
Restoring to external Maxtor USB or FireWire hard drive
-------------------------------------------------------
If Norton Ghost 2003 is installed, you can create or restore
an image to an external Maxtor USB or Firewire hard drive.
Restoring from Ricoh MP525A using USB2 interface
------------------------------------------------
You can now restore an image from a Ricoh MP525A connected to the
computer using a USB2 interface.
Intel ICH5 chipsets supported
-----------------------------
The Norton Ghost 2003 dos applications, e.g. ghost.exe, now work
on computer systems which have the latest Intel ICH5 chipsets.
Linux Lilo improvements
-----------------------
This update will now support secondary loaders which span track
boundaries and a kernel image greater than 1024+48 kb on 4096 byte
filesystem. Please note the Lilo comments in the known issues
section.
==================================================================
2. Overview
==================================================================
Norton Ghost 2003 is the fast and reliable software solution to
satisfy your needs for personal disk cloning and copying,
upgrading hard drives, backing up your hard drive for disaster
recovery, or migrating from your old PC to a new PC.
Norton Ghost 2003 is not suitable for rolling out multiple PCs or
hard drives. If you want to roll out multiple PCs or hard drives,
you will need to obtain Symantec Ghost Enterprise Edition to get
those features.
Norton Ghost 2003 is not designed for or supported for use with
Microsoft Windows server-class operating systems.
For further information, please visit our website at:
black_belt33@yahoo.com
==================================================================
3. Known Issues
==================================================================
Backup, Restore and Integrity Check tasks fail
----------------------------------------------
There may be occasions when Ghost can not find your image file in
DOS. This usually happens when the image file is on a device that
is not available in DOS, for example, an external hard drive or a
mapped network drive. To determine that this is the cause of the
failure choose to view the log of the failed task in the Task Log
Viewer. If you see a line in the task log similar to the following
then you must specify additional drivers to complete your task.
Message: @FIND could not find the image file 'MYBACKUP.GHO' on your
system. You may need to load additional drivers to access the
drive containing 'MYBACKUP.GHO'
Norton Ghost provides drivers for many different types of devices.
You can select these drivers from the External storage driver
settings tab in the Options window or the Advanced Setting window.
If your device is not supported by these drivers you must provide
your own DOS drivers. To load your own drivers you must specify
them in the User files tab in the Options window or the Advanced
Setting window.
Note that the USB external device drivers provided do not support
USB hubs. If you wish to use an external USB device you should
connect it directly to your computer and not via a hub.
For some external devices it may be necessary to turn the power off
after a failure has occurred.
Norton Ghost not working with Backpack LPT CD Writer
----------------------------------------------------
When creating a backup:
1. Select Recordable CD or DVD for the Destination.
2. In Advance Settings, on the User Files tab add BPASPI.SYS from
the Backpack support CD.
3. Add the following line to Config.sys:
Device=BPASPI.SYS
When doing a restore:
1. Select required source from the CD in the Backpack drive.
2. In Advance settings, on the User files tab add BPASPI.SYS,
DEVICE.COM, BPCDDRV.SYS from the Backpack support CD.
3. Add the following line to Config.sys:
Device=BPASPI.SYS
4. Add the following line to Autoexec.bat:
Device=BPCDDRV.SYS
5. Add the following line to Autoexec.bat:
MSCDEX /d:bpcddrv$
USB Peer to Peer
----------------
Norton Ghost 2003 has been developed to work with the specific USB
peer-to-peer cables listed in Appendix C of the User's Guide.
However, this peer-to-peer capability is dependent on having
compatible BIOS and hardware configurations that support this
capability on both computers. If you experience difficulties in
connecting USB peer-to-peer, you should:
1. Change the BIOS configuration of your USB settings (depending
on the supplier and version of your BIOS) and try again.
2. Turn off both the slave and master computer and unplug the USB
cable from both computers. Plug in the cable, turn on both
computers and try again.
3. Choose to load only the peer to peer driver which matches your
controller.
4. Check the Symantec Website listed under technical support for
solutions to your problem.
USB floppy disk drive
---------------------
The USB peer-to-peer and USB external storage drivers are not
compatible with external USB floppy disk drives. If you load any
of these drivers you will not be able to use a USB floppy disk
drive.
After doing a restore operation the log files are inconsistent
--------------------------------------------------------------
Problem:
After doing a restore operation and looking in the task log viewer
you see that the last task log does not match the last operation
you performed.
Cause:
A restore operation will restore your system to the state it was in
when the backup was taken. Unfortunately it will also overwrite
the results of all subsequent operations including the restore
operation itself.
Solution:
There is no solution to this problem. You must verify that the
restore operation was successful manually.
Windows NT4/2000 registry warning message during installation
-------------------------------------------------------------
Problem:
When installing Norton Ghost 2003 you get the following message:
"Your maximum registry size is too small. To ensure that Windows
runs properly, increase your maximum registry size. For more
information see Help." Followed by the error:
"1603: General Windows Installer engine error. Increase DiskSpace
requirement in Setup.ini and try again."
Cause:
This is a bug in the Microsoft installer engine.
Solution:
To increase the size of the registry, bring Windows Help and type
"registry size limit" into the keyword search textbox and then
follow the instructions. An additional 5MB of registry is
sufficient to install Ghost 2003.
Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP disk quotas
-------------------------------------------------
Users who have disk quotas applied for an NTFS volume may
experience problems when Norton Ghost is used to write an image
file to that volume. This is due to the fact that Norton Ghost
does not police NTFS disk quota restrictions when creating files
and, as a result, may well allow the user's disk quota to be
exceeded. Windows will detect this situation when the file is
accessed or CHKDSK is performed and will then prevent any further
disk space from being allocated to that user. This in turn may
prevent a successful login. You should delete the image file or
modify your disk quota.
Booting from a CD/DVD
---------------------
Problem:
When booting from a CD, the message "General failure writing drive
A" appears.
Cause:
This message appears when the boot disk used to make the CD
bootable had not previously been used to start a computer. When
the CD is used to start the computer, the mouse driver tries to
create Mouse.ini on the CD and fails.
Solution:
If you are creating a bootable CD using a boot disk, ensure that
the boot disk has been used at least once to start a computer.
You can safely ignore the message.
Clone failed when writing to an Iomega 12x4x32 CDR/RW
-----------------------------------------------------
Problem:
You are having problems writing an image to an IoMega 12x4x32
CDR/W. You may get the following error message:
Error 12020 CD Write Failed.
Solution:
This model of drive has problems when the disk drive which is
being cloned is connected to the same IDE controller. Any number
of errors may result. A workaround is to ensure that the CDR/RW
drive and the disk that is being cloned are connected to different
IDE controllers. Typically this will mean making the disk drive
the Primary Master and the CDR/RW drive the Secondary Master.
See Symantec Knowledgebase.
Can not write to a CD after doing quick erase
---------------------------------------------
Some CD writers require that CD-RW media be fully erased.
Problem:
You know the media brand you are using works well with your CD
writer but you get the following message:
Error 50401 CD/DVD error - try a different media brand or type
Solution:
Use a full erase instead of a quick erase. If this also fails,
Ghost may only work with CD-R media in this drive.
CD writer not detected
----------------------
Problem:
Ghost detects the CD writer for the initial operation. The first
task fails, and when you run Ghost the second time, the CD writer
is not detected.
Solution:
When a task fails, perform a cold boot of your computer before
reusing the drive.
Computer does not boot into the Virtual Partition
-------------------------------------------------
Problem:
When running a Virtual Partition task your computer restarts but
does not start the DOS portion of the task and appears frozen.
Possible cause:
Some DOS drivers chosen for the task may conflict and cause the
computer to freeze.
Solution 1:
When the computer starts up you are given three seconds to bypass
the loading of drivers and to return to Windows. During this three
seconds, select option 2. When the computer has restarted in
Windows attempt the task again, but try one of the following:
1. Remove any drivers that aren't required from the External
storage driver settings or User files settings in the Options
window or the Advanced setting window.
2. Change the value of the following registry from 1 to 0. This
will stop Ghost from loading the mouse driver:
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Symantec\Norton
Ghost\GhostStart\"InstallMouseDriver"
3. Choose MS-DOS instead of PC-DOS. You will need to load MS-DOS
on your computer in the DOS type tab in the Options window, or
the Advanced settings tab. To install MS-DOS you must have a
MS-DOS boot disk created on a Windows 9x computer.
Solution 2:
If you are not given the choice to bypass loading the drivers then
there may a problem where the Virtual Partition is incompatible
with your computer. Use the Norton Ghost installation CD or a
floppy disk to start your computer and then run Ghreboot.exe.
Ghreboot.exe can be found in the Support folder of your product CD.
Problem accessing floppy disk drive
-----------------------------------
Problem:
You are starting your computer with a bootable CD in the CD ROM
drive. If you do not choose to boot from CD you subsequently have
problems accessing your floppy disk drive.
Solution:
Remove the CD from the drive and restart your computer.
SCSI CD ROM causes computer to hang
-----------------------------------
Problem:
You are starting your computer with a bootable CD in a SCSI CD ROM
drive. If you do not choose to boot from CD the computer will not
restart.
Solution:
Remove the CD from the drive and restart your computer.
Tutorials
---------
Problem:
Launching the tutorials on a computer with Display color settings
of 16 colors it generates a Windows error.
Solution:
Alter the Display color settings on the Control Panel to 256
colors or greater.
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